Cell Phones Can Help Keep A Parents Child Safe - 883 Words

Almost every child has asked his or her parents for a cell phone. While there may be plenty of adequate reasons for parents to say no, there are also some reasons for parents to say yes. That child may want a cell phone so that he or she can talk to his or her friends, to get apps, or to be able to say that he or she has one, but parents can benefit from their child have a cell phone too. Parents should say yes to their child having a cell phone because it can help keep their child safe, keeps them in touch and up to date, can be the source of discipline or punishment, and they are affordable. Cell phones can help keep a parents child safe. If there was ever a situation where a parent had to talk to his or her child, or vice versa, all that parent would have to do is call. Also, with the GPS, parents can locate their child as long as that child has his or her phone on. If a parent’s child ever runs away or goes missing, the police can track him or her down. Even with the phone off the police can track old signals that can help them track a parents’ child. Now phone companies are making apps to help with safety. For example, Motorola has made Motorola Alert. Motorola Alert can send text messages out for when a child or parents would like to let each other know where using meet me, parents can get their child’s location sent to them every five to thirty minutes using follow me, and if there was ever an emergency their child could use the emergency button that would send anShow MoreRelatedShould cellphones be allowed to children of ages 6 to 12?1562 Words   |  7 Pageschildren who own a phone. Now, with the latest advanced technology we cannot do much to prevent minors from gaining access to this type of devices. However, what we need to concern about is the damage that phones can cause to children. Lately, there have been many cases of abduction of children by social networks, and also cases of theft of cell phones. Therefore, the debate regarding children using cellphones whether or not has created different types of concerns along parents and specialist. InRead MoreCell Phones Should Not Be Banned from School Property693 Words   |  3 Pagesstudents with their cellular telephones in hand. One may say the use of cell phones should be banned on school property, however there are many instances in which that may not be the best idea. Parents need to know that their children are safe and those children need a way in which to contact their parents if an emergency arises. If their child is not permitted to have their cellular tele phone with them at school, the parent loses that sense of security. Cellular telephones should not be banned forRead MoreBenefits Of Cell Phones For Young Children882 Words   |  4 PagesAs today’s world has evolved with over 6 billion people having mobile phones; communication has become further of a necessity for older human beings. As parents, some do not grasp a reason for their young ones having a cell phone in their possession at all times. However, as parents more or less understand the necessity of their younger children having a form of communication to and from home. Having a cell phone in today’s society has become a modicum of what some perceive on an everyday basis,Read MoreCell Phones Should Not Be Banned1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe usage of a cell phone is dramatically increasing today, especially for students. 98% of parents of cell-owning teens say that a major factor why their child has a cell phone is so that they can be in touch no matter where the child is. That statement can be true, but considering that we’re living in the 21st century, do we really think that’s the biggest reason why students own cell phones, just to make calls and keep in touch with their fellow parents? Keep in mind, it’s the 2016-more advancedRead MoreNegative Effects On Cellphones : A Good Tool For Learning Social Skills1443 Words   |  6 Pagesalways have your cell phone with you. Is this a good thing or a bad thing? Parents struggle everyday just to seek some attention from their kids, they also worry if their kids are making smart choices on their phones. Cell phones have become very beneficial in today’s life. However, it also causes a lack of social skills, inappropriate activity, and dangerous distractions. Primarily, some people would say that cell phones are a good tool for learning social skills, and that you can learn a lot fromRead MoreCell Phones : Pro Vs. Con1025 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones: Pro vs. Con Cell phones have come a long way since April 3, 1973 when the first phone was invented. The first call in history was made that day by Motorola employee Martin Cooper, as he stood next to a 900 MHz base station in New York City and phoned to the headquarters of Bell Labs in New Jersey (The Cellphone Turns 40: Remembering Martin Cooper’s Historic Call). Since that day, cell phones have evolved to become what is now a all-in-one master piece. A current cell phone removes theRead MoreShould Cell Phones Be Used As An Educational Tool?1032 Words   |  5 PagesIt was her cell phone. Her cell phone was always a useful tool to her. She used it for calling, studying, and even entertainment, but she realized that it can be used as a learning resource in every classroom. Her school has a no cell phone policy, but if she were to persuade her school, she can get an exception to almost any rule. All she needs to do in order to make this idea a reality is share this with her school. Also, the sophomore Harshini Rampersaud says that â€Å"cell phones can definitelyRead MoreMobile Phone and Children1439 Words   |  6 PagesShould children be allowed to own and use mobile phones? Mobile phones keep children safe Mobile phones keep children safer, as it is easier for parents to stay in touch with their children and for children to contact someone in an emergency. Through calls and texts, parents can know where their child is and be reassured that he or she is safe; all the while their children know they are never more than a phone call away from help. As Leslie Sharpe argues, ‘I wanted to ensure that they had a wayRead MoreElectronic Use Of Electronics As A Good Thing1342 Words   |  6 Pagesof their daily lives, but parents and teachers believe that the usage of electronics is not healthy, they believe it can bring serious issues into their lives. Electronics should be seen as a good thing, they are teens friend not their enemies. Electronics can bring many benefits into teens life, they can expand their mind through the internet and the use of electronics, they also have the chance of keeping up on school tasks, and besides that the use of electronics can also give teens more securi tyRead MorePros And Cons Of Cell Phones In School1036 Words   |  5 Pagesbe able to understand that phones CAN help you learn! Phones give us opportunities to hold many useful things such as calculators, passwords, and our schedules. I can see that they would want to take it away because it is â€Å"distracting†, but I honestly think that it is more distracting not having it then actually having it, now all we can think about is checking our phones. Although much of the public debate is against it, there are pros associated with allowing cell phones in school. These advantages

The Supernatural Elements Displayed in The Tragedy of Macbeth

Writers of the Renaissance often wrote about supernatural elements. William Shakespeare is a writer during this period, and he is also the author of The Tragedy of Macbeth. The supernatural elements are the key contributors to the play. They add fear and mystery to the novel. Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, displays many supernatural elements: the nature, ghosts, and the witches are the most significant. People during the Renaissance were very superstitious; consequently, their connection to the events in the lives of humans was only natural for them. As a result, the weather and animals in the play react to the action of Macbeth. The night of Duncan’s death many supernatural elements began to happen. The weather turned for†¦show more content†¦The three witches represent supernatural elements all throughout the play. During the Renaissance period, people believed in witches, and also believed in their evil doings. They were thought to be able to do spells and other concoctions. The people in the play showed a big fear of the witches because they were hideous creatures, and to them they seemed like the work of the devil. †¦ What are these so withered, and so wild in their attire, That look not like th’ inhabitants o’ th’ earth, And yet are on’t? Live you, or are you aught That man may question? You seem to understand me, By each at once her choppy finger laying Upon her skinny lips. You should be women, And yet your beards forbid me to interpret That you are so†¦. (39-47) The quote is meaning that the witches have some human characteristics, but women do not have beards and the three witches did, and that is not ordinary. The witches could also see events that would happen in the future. The three weird sisters were believed by the people to have these powers because the things they said to Macbeth about the future all came true, such as him becoming king. The only reason Macbeth would become king was because of his slaughtering of the people in line before him to the throne. Macbeth’s strong beliefs inShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth915 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragedy; Macbeth. Within this play, ambition is portrayed as a corrupting and unquenchable force through the main concepts of mental imbalance, supernatural behaviors and betrayal. The consuming desires of Macbeth and their repercussions are vividly enhanced through the use of various expressive literary techniques. Ultimately, Macbeth is a play th at explores and reiterates the tragic and pestilent nature of unreasoned aspirations. Within the play, supernatural forces are a commonRead MoreAnalysis : Shake And Stir Theatre Company1620 Words   |  7 Pagesintegrity and Elizabethan charm. â€Å"Great Shakes† is staged in a graveyard, where three year ten students, Betty, Brock and Ben are incarcerated. However, after appearances from several supernaturals, they are returned to their everyday lives, but not before they are faced with the task to manipulate Shakespeare’s tragedies, comedies and histories to engage contemporary audiences. It is evident that Shake and Stir’s production, â€Å"Great Shakes† effectively conveyed the dramatic meaning of Shakespeare’s relevanceRead MoreShake And Stir By William Shakespeare1234 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintaining its integrity and Elizabethan charm. â€Å"Great Shakes† is staged in a graveyard, where three year ten students, Betty, Brock and Ben are incarcerated. However, after appearances from several supernaturals, they are retur ned to their everyday lives, but not before they manipulate Shakespeare’s tragedies, comedies and histories to engage contemporary audiences. It is evident, Shake and Stir’s production, â€Å"Great Shakes† effectively conveyed the dramatic meaning of Shakespeare’s relevance in contemporaryRead MoreMacbeth: A Very Complex Character Essay1973 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeth is a very complex character whom reflects mans thirst for power through the drastic changes of his personality; thus being one of the slightest reasons in which make this intriguing character, greatest of all Shakespearean’s well-known works. At the beginning of the play Macbeth is notable as a brave soldier and is rewarded as being Thane of Glamis. The attributions of Macbeth at the beginning of the play may be wise, thoughtful, patient and noble. Soon after he achieves the title

Beowulf Analysis of the Epic Essay Example For Students

Beowulf Analysis of the Epic Essay The Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf is the most important work of Old English literature, and is well deserved of the distinction. The epic tells the story of a hero, a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf, who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, a descendent of Cain, and of his exploits fighting Grendels mother and a Dragon. Throughout the epic, the Anglo-Saxon story teller uses many elements to build a certain depth to the characters. Just a few of the important character elements in Beowulf are Wealth Honor, Biblical Paganistic, and Man vs. Wild themes. Many of the characters in Beowulf are, like in most epics, defined by their status. But, in addition to status, the Anglo-Saxon culture also adds an element of honor. To the Anglo-Saxons, a characters importance, as well as their wealth and status, where measured not only in monetary terms, but it was also measured in terms of honor, fame, and accomplishments. Hrothgar, king of the Danes, is one example of the Anglo-Saxon measurement of importance in Beowulf. In Canto 1 the story teller describes his wealth and importance, not as mounds of gold or jewels, but instead as his ability to the Danes to such glory. and as his tendency to In battle, the common pasture untouched, and taking no lives. Through this display of compassion for the commoner who doesnt fight in battles, Hrothgar proves the full extent of his honor and therefore the extent of his wealth and status. Beowulf, the hero-prince, also proves his true wealth and status through his deeds as defender of the Danes.. As he fights and defeats Grendel, Beowulf Earns Fame and wealth from his companions, and from the Danes, but more importantly, he earns honor raising him to the level of an archetypal hero. Grendel, on the other hand, is the total opposite of Beowulf. He has no wealth, no honor, and he in infamous as an evil killer. This lack of wealth and honor defines Grendel as a symbol of evil and corruption. In addition to using Honor and wealth to define a characters character, the story-tellers have incorporated alternating Biblical and Paganistic motifs in the epic-poem. The original Epic was obviously Paganistic due to the time period of its creation. But, as time wore on, the rewriting and touching up of the manuscripts by various sources including religious monks, caused the characters to have slight Christian characteristics. These Christian themes have become very important to the epic to add am element of depth that wouldnt be possible in modern times due to the lost of the Anglo-Saxon culture and beliefs. An example of the Biblical motif in Beowulf is Grendel. Grendel it biblically described as evil in this excerpt: was spawned in that slime, Conceived by a pair of those monsters born Of Cain, murderous creatures banished By God, punished forever for the crime Of Abels death. The Almighty drove Those demons out, and their exile was bitter, Shut away from  men; they split Into a thousand forms of evilspirits And feinds, goblins, monsters, giants, A brood forever opposing the Lords Will, and again and again defeated. The Biblical reference in the epic has become a modern day archetypal motif, and serves to give the listener an idea of the extent of Grendels pure evil and gives a logical explanation for Grendels murderous behavior. This example, not only shows the evil in Grendels nature, but also the torture in his heart caused by his Banishment from God. It serves to give the reader an idea of why Grendel would kill the Danes for no reason other than their happiness. Beowulf also has a religious motif to his character. "Song's From the Portuguese XLIII" and "O What is That Sound" EssayOne example of this is in Canto 6 line 381 in which Hrothgar states, Our Holy Father had sent as a sign of His grace, a mark of His favor, to help us defeat Grendel and end that terror. This religious description shows Beowulf as a sort of messiah sent by god to save man from evil. But, more than that, since Beowulf is in fact not a messiah, this description shows the good in Beowulfs heart and the purpose of his mission. Another Biblical reference in Beowulf is shown in the tower of Herot which is very similar to the tower of Babel in the fact that its built as a sign of superiority and accomplishment. Like Babel, though, Herot only serves as a symbol of downfall more than one of glory because it causes many deaths and the coming of Grendel. vApart from Wealth, Honor, and Paganistic vs. Biblical themes and motifs, character is also shown through a certain Man vs. Wild motif. This motif shows the difference between mankinds ways good, and evils wild nature evil. Grendel for one, is totally wild and is therefore shown as evil. His wild home, Grendel, who haunted the moors, the wild marshes, and made his home in a hell not hell but earth. shows his wild, untamed, and therefor evil nature. Grendels wilderness is countered in mankinds ways, especially Beowulfs. Beowulf is tame and civilized, the epitomy of goodness and purity. Beowulf doesnt fight evil in a wild manner, rather, as shown in his first battle with Grendel. First off, Beowulf is pure and shows this before his battle when he removes his armor and vows not to use a weapon to defeat Grendel. Defeating Grendel, he shows that man, without armor and weapons, can defeat evil in any form including that of his foe Grendel. This deed serves throughout the epic serves as a symbol of Beowulfs Goodness. Beowulf has many other such archetypal, symbolic themes and motifs, but the most important themes that serve to add depth to the characters are the wealth, honor, religious, man, and wildness themes. These themes dont only serve to define a character, but they also factor in as a motive for their actions.

Social Marketing and Sustainability

Introduction Social marketing involves the application of marketing skills and technology in influencing human behaviours with a view of overcoming certain issues in society.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Social Marketing and Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, social marketing is a powerful tool in influencing human behaviours because it involves the use of downstream and upstream strategies, as well as applying theories of behaviour change to address some of the social issues. Speeding is a social issue in New South Wales because it causes about 40% of road deaths, results into more than 200 deaths, and is responsible for over 4000 injuries per year (Blender, 2009). In this view, this report analyses RTA campaign and examines application of two behavioural change models. Background Information, Target Audience Behaviour Change Following rampant cases of road accidents, the Road Transpo rt Authority (RTA) of New South Wales, Australia, launched an anti-speeding campaign with a video entitled â€Å"Speeding: No One Think Big of You† (NOTBOY). The RTA speeding campaign was remarkably successful because it enabled RTA to reduce the occurrence of accidents on the roads of New South Wales. According to Bender (2009, p.158), RTA campaign was â€Å"one of the cleverest ad campaigns† and â€Å"very successful† because it ridiculed racing drivers, thus discouraging speeding behaviour among drivers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prior to the RTA speeding campaign, the RTA employed campaign approach that instils shock and fear on the drivers, but it never worked well. The RTA campaign targeted the entire community to influence changes in behaviour amongst youths who regard speeding as a fun activity, way showing off, and a trendy affair. The RT A campaign was successful because it had its basis on previous anti-speeding campaigns, but extended to use social approach, which empowered the community to create a culture that does not accept speeding. By use of social approach, the RTA campaign made extensive awareness amongst the youths and community leading to decreased cases of accidents. The audience targeted by the RTA campaign included divers, particularly young male drivers between the ages of 17 to 25 who like speeding on the roads of New South Wales. Road accidents in New South Wales have been increasing exponentially due to the behaviours of young male drivers who like speeding. Statistics show that about 40% of road deaths occur due speeding in New South Wales (Dorn 2010). The dominant group of drivers involved in the accidents is the group of young male drivers. The young male drivers speed because they perceive speeding as a means of displaying their prowess in driving (Hartig 2000).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Social Marketing and Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this view, the RTA campaign targeted the young male drivers through upstream and midstream social marketing strategies. The upstream social marketing focused on the use of media and community as influencers of behaviour change while midstream social marketing involved the use of family and friends in discouraging speeding. Therefore, the youths between the ages of 17 to 25 years were the target audience given that they were ready for action because they form about 17% of the speeding drivers, who experience accidents in New South Wales. The RTA campaign proposed to change speeding behaviour of young male drivers, who used driving as a way of showing off their driving prowess. To change speeding behaviour and perceptions of the youths, the RTA campaign aimed at making speeding a socially unacceptable trend coupled with discouraging peer app roval of speeding. Overall, the RTA campaign aimed at involving community in creating cultural and societal perceptions that discourage speeding among male youths of New South Wales. From the principles of success, the RTA campaign focused on a single behaviour that is simple and executable in discouraging speeding. Kotler and Lee clarifies, â€Å"One of the key successes is to establish behaviour objectives that are single, simple, and doable acts that become core of the campaign effort† (2004, p.22).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By empowering the community to view speeding as a socially unacceptable behaviour, the RTA campaign managed to influence an individual’s perception, as no one would speed without having the fear of being a subject of ridicule. The behaviour change of discouraging speeding has potential impact of transforming individual and societal perceptions on speeding as unacceptable behaviour attributed to young and immature boys. Since none of the drivers wanted to appear as young and immature as per the implication of the â€Å"pinkie† campaign, New South Wales experienced a significant reduction in speeding and cases of accidents. The RTA campaign experienced barriers such as peer approval and unsupportive attitude. Peer approval was one of the barriers that the RTA campaign experienced when it aimed at discouraging speeding among male youths. The youths perceived speeding as fun, exciting, and a trendy activity. Moreover, the young male drivers viewed speeding as a way of expr essing their masculinity and showing off their prowess skills in driving. Hence, as the RTA campaign tried to depict speeding as a socially unacceptable behaviour, it was like denying the youths their masculinity. Andreasen (2005) claims, â€Å"barriers in the environment external to the individual make it difficult or impossible to act in employing the downstream approach of social marketing† (p.74). Hence, it was hard for the RTA campaign to influence the youths using the downstream approach because their culture approved speeding. Moreover, unsupportive attitude of the youths is another barrier, as they do not like driving at low speeds. Youths associate low speeding with rawness and female drivers who cannot drive well. Competitively, the youths were struggling to gain experience in speeding and become veteran drivers, while the RTA campaign restricted the same. To overcome barriers of peer approval and unsupportive attitude, the RTA campaign employed upstream and downstr eam approaches of social marketing by involving the media, friends, family, and community. The use of media ensured that the campaign gained extensive awareness among youths and the entire society. Moreover, the RTA campaign empowered the community to participate actively in discouraging speeding behaviours because a significant number of drivers speed on the roads of New South Wales. Donovan and Henley (2010) state that a social marketer can enhance the effectiveness of a campaign strategy by â€Å"adopting upstream approaches that create changes in the environment, as well as downstream approaches targeting individual undesirable behaviours† (p.45). Friends and family members are downstream influencers who helped in overcoming peer pressure and unsupportive attitude, which were barriers to the RTA campaign. Thus, by employing both upstream and downstream approaches, the RTA campaign managed to overcome barriers and change behaviours of youths through the influence of commun ity members. The RTA campaign has significant benefits to the New South Wales. Following its launch, the RTA campaign has considerably reduced cases of accidents in New South Wales because many youths have reduced their speed of driving. Hence, reduced rate of accidents due to speeding is a considerable measurable benefit. Another benefit of the campaign is that there is increased awareness of speeding, thus depicting speeding among youth as unacceptable behaviour in the society. Brennan and Binney (2010) state that about 94% of the general population recognised anti-speeding message in the RTA campaign, while 58% of the young males realised that speeding is unacceptable behaviour in the community. Such figures indicate that the RTA campaign was quite successful in creating a culture in the community that perceives speeding as a socially unacceptable behaviour. Thus, New South Wales has significantly benefited from the campaign, as many youths will no longer speed and cause accident s that lead to loss of lives and cause injuries. Behaviour Change Models Social Norm Theory Social norm theory is one of the theories that explain the change in behaviour among male youths due to the RTA campaign. Social norm theory postulates that change of behaviour of an individual occurs to influence one’s perception on what is normal. Schultz et al. assert that social norms influence human behaviours because they â€Å"not only spur, but also guide action in the direct and meaningful ways† (2007, p.429). In the case of speeding amongst youths, the theory explains that the culture of speeding emerged due to pluralistic ignorance, which made youths view speeding as a socially acceptable behaviour. From the perspective of the youths, speeding was quite acceptable because it was a means of displaying their masculinity as well as prowess in driving. Speeding was one of the social norms that the youths practised because it was a trendy activity for the young male driver s to exhibit their skills. Through their pluralistic ignorance, the youths assumed that all drivers were speeding, and thus they wanted to attain the status of speeding like everyone else. According to the social norm theory, an intervention that exposes the reality of the norms is indispensable in correcting pluralistic ignorance. Although the youths were driving at high speeds, they were comfortable because it was normal according to their norms. In this view, the RTA campaign developed a strategy that focused on changing the youths’ perceptions. The perceptions of the young male drivers were contrary to the reality. While the young male drivers perceived speeding as fun, exciting, and expression of masculinity, the society perceived it as a dangerous affair. Thus, the RTA campaign employed both downstream and upstream strategies of social marketing to influence the community to perceive speeding as unacceptable behaviour. Terry and Hogg (1999) state that a change of human behaviour occurs through a systematic process where dominant social norms influence the development of behaviour. Thus, for the RTA campaign to overcome dominant behaviour of speeding among the youths, it empowered the community to create a culture that views speeding as a despicable behaviour. Theory of Planned Behaviour The theory of planned behaviour postulates that behaviour is a product of benefits, social norms, and cost associated with a given activity. Before one performs a given activity, one has to analyse the benefits and costs associated with social norms. Therefore, the young male drivers found pleasure in speeding because they got recognition from their peers coupled with expressing their masculinity. According to Armitage and Christian (2003), attitudes predict behaviours for social norms moderate the attitude-behaviour relationship. Hence, the behaviour that the young male drivers exhibited reflected their attitudes. To overcome the unsupportive attitudes of the youn g male drivers, the RTA campaign aimed at changing attitudes of the community members so that they can have overwhelming influence on the attitudes of the young male drivers. Ultimately, the RTA changed the community attitudes and perceptions, branded speeding unacceptable behaviour, and reduced cases of accidents due to speeding. Although the young male drivers attempted to hold on to their speeding behaviours, they failed because the community was already empowered to influence their behaviours. Conner and Armitage (1998) assert that the theory of planned behaviour examines attitudes and perceptions relative to social norms of the people. As the RTA campaign changed perceptions and attitudes of the community members who are the majority, the minority young male drivers were unable to resist change. Hence, when community members viewed speeding as a despicable behaviour, the young male drivers followed the perceptions of the community. Eventually, the young male drivers had to comp ly with the demands of the society because the societal norms perceived speeding as unacceptable behaviour among the youths. Buckworth and Dishman (2002) argue, â€Å"Behaviour is predicted by intentions and intentions are predicted by attitude and societal norms† (p.27), which have overwhelming influence on human behaviour. Therefore, the RTA campaign influenced behaviours of the young male drivers to drive at moderate speeds. Conclusion The RTA campaign is the most successful campaign in dealing with speed driving because it managed to change the behaviour of young male drivers as well as other drivers. Despite the many challenges associated with social marketing, the RTA campaign employed both upstream and downstream strategies, which empowered the community, family, and friends to effect changes in behaviour of young male drivers, who perceived speeding as fun, exciting, and a way of expressing their masculinity. Analysis of the RTA campaign shows that it complied with fa ctors necessary for successful social marketing. Moreover, the RTA applied theory of social norm and the theory of planned behaviour in changing speeding behaviour of young male drivers in New South Wales. Reference List Andreasen, A 2005, Social marketing in the 21st century, SAGE Publisher, California. Armitage, C Christian, J 2003, Planned behaviour: The relationships between human thought and action, Transaction publishers, New York. Bender, M 2009, The fast, the fraudulent the fatal: The dangerous and dark side of illegal street racing, drifting and modified cars, AuthorHouse, California. Brennan, L Binney, W 2010, ‘Fear, Guilt and Shame Appeals in Social Marketing’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 63 no. 2, pp.140-146. Buckworth, J Dishman, R. 2002, Exercise Psychology, Human Kinetics, New York. Conner, M Armitage, C 1998, ‘Extending the theory of planned behaviour: A review and avenues for further research’, Journal of Applied Social Psycholo gy, vol. 28 no 1, pp.1429-1464 Donovan, R Henley, N 2010, Principles and practice of social marketing: An international perspective, Cambridge University Press, New York. Dorn, L 2010, Driver behaviour and training: human factors in road and rail transport, Ashgate Publishing, London. Hartig, K 2000, ‘Claiming the Freeway: Young Male Drivers in Pursuit of Independence, Space and Masculinity’, Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, vol. 5 no 1, pp.36-49. Kotler, P Lee, R 2004, Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause, John Wiley Sons, New York. Schultz, P, Nolan, J, Cialdini, R, Goldstein, N Griskevicius, V 2007, ‘The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power social norms’, Psychological science, vol.18 no 5, pp.429-434. Terry, D Hogg, M 1999, Attitudes, behaviour, and social context: The role of norms and group membership, Taylor Francis, Mahwah. This report on Social Marketing and Sustainability was written and submitted by user Norah Stuart to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Convicts to Australia - Researching Convict Ancestors

Convicts to Australia - Researching Convict Ancestors From the arrival of the First Fleet at Botany Bay in January 1788 to the last shipment of convicts to Western Australia in 1868, over 162,000 convicts were transported to Australia and New Zealand to serve out their sentences as slave labor. Nearly 94 percent of these convicts to Australia were English and Welsh (70%) or Scottish (24%), with an additional 5 percent coming from Scotland. Convicts were also transported to Australia from British outposts in India and Canada, plus Maoris from New Zealand, Chinese from Hong Kong and slaves from the Caribbean. Who Were The Convicts? The original purpose of convict transportation to Australia was establishment of a penal colony to alleviate pressure on the overburdened English correctional facilities following the end of convict transportation to the American colonies. The majority of the 162,000 chosen for transportation were poor and illiterate, with most convicted for larceny. From about 1810, convicts were seen as a labor source for building and maintaining roads, bridges, courthouses and hospitals. Most female convicts were sent to female factories, essentially forced labor camps, to work off their sentence. Convicts, both male and female, also worked for private employers such as free settlers and small land holders. Where Were The Convicts Sent? The location of surviving records related to convict ancestors in Australia largely depends on where they were sent.  Early convicts to Australia were sent to the colony of New South Wales, but by the mid-1800s they were also being sent directly to destinations such as Norfolk Island, Van Diemens Land (present-day Tasmania), Port Macquarie and Moreton Bay. The first convicts to Western Australia arrived in 1850, also the site of the last convict ship arrival in  1868. 1,750 convicts known as the Exiles arrived in Victoria from Britain between 1844 and 1849. British transportation records of criminal transportees described on the website of the UK National Archives are the best bet for determining where a convict ancestor was initially sent in Australia. You can also search the British convict transportation registers 1787–1867  or Ireland-Australia transportation database online to search for convicts sent to the Australian colony. Good Behavior, Tickets of Leave and Pardons If well-behaved after their arrival in Australia, convicts rarely served their full term. Good behavior qualified them for a Ticket of Leave, a Certificate of Freedom, Conditional Pardon or even an Absolute Pardon. A Ticket of Leave, first issued to convicts who seemed able to support themselves, and later to convicts after a set period of eligibility, allowed the convicts to live independently and work for their own wages while remaining subject to monitoring a probationary period. The ticket, once issued, could be withdrawn for misbehavior. Generally a convict became eligible for a Ticket of Leave after 4 years for a seven year sentence, after 6 years for a fourteen year sentence, and after 10 years for a life sentence. Pardons were generally granted to convicts with life sentences, shortening their sentence by granting freedom. A conditional pardon required the freed convict to remain in Australia, while an absolute pardon allowed the freed convict to return to the U.K. if they chose. Those convicts who did not receive a pardon and completed their sentence were issued a Certificate of Freedom. Copies of these Certificates of Freedom and related documents may generally be found in the state archives where the convict was last held. The State Archives of New South Wales, for example, offers an online Index to Certificates of Freedom, 1823–69. More Sources for Researching Convicts Sent to Australia Online Australias early convict records, 1788-1801 includes the names of over 12,000 convicts transported to New South Wales.The Tasmanian Names Index includes convicts (1803–1893) and  convict permissions to marry (1829–1857).The Fremantle Prison Convict Database serves as an online index to Western Australia convict registers.Over 140,000 records are searchable in the New South Wales Convict Index, including  certificates of freedom, bank accounts, deaths, exemptions from government labor, pardons, tickets of leave, and tickets of leave passports. Were Convicts Also Sent to New Zealand? Despite assurances from the British government that NO convicts would be sent to the fledgling colony of New Zealand, two ships transported groups of Parkhurst apprentices to New Zealand the  St. George  carrying 92 boys arrived at Auckland on 25 October 1842, and the  Mandarin  with a load of 31 boys on 14 November 1843. These  Parkhurst apprentices  were young boys, most between the ages of 12 and 16, who had been sentenced to Parkhurst, a prison for young male offenders located on the Isle of Wight. The Parkhurst apprentices, most of whom were convicted for minor crimes such as stealing, were rehabilitated at Parkhurst, with training in occupations such as carpentry, shoemaking and tailoring, and then exiled to serve out the remainder of their sentence. The Parkhurst boys chosen for transport to New Zealand were among the best of the group, classified as either free emigrants or colonial apprentices, with the idea that while New Zealand would not accept convicts, they would gladly accept trained labor. This did not go over well with the inhabitants of Auckland, however, who requested that no further convicts be sent to the colony. Despite their inauspicious beginning, many descendants of the  Parkhurst Boys  became distinguished citizens of New Zealand.

Replacing a Lost or Stolen Canadian Passport

Replacing a Lost or Stolen Canadian Passport Whether you lose your Canadian passport or if it is stolen, dont panic. Its not an ideal situation, but there are steps you can take to replace your passport, and you may able to get a replacement passport for a limited time. The first thing to do when you discover your passport is missing is to contact local police. Next, youll want to get in touch with the Canadian government. If youre within Canada, call 1-800-567-6868 to report the circumstances of the loss or theft to the Canadian Passport Office. If youre traveling outside of Canada, find the nearest Government of Canada office,  either an embassy or a consulate.   Police or other law enforcement officers will conduct an investigation, which is especially important if youre reporting your passport stolen. It may be a good idea to contact your credit card companies and bank, even if your passport is the only thing missing. Theres the potential for identity thieves to do a lot of damage with a stolen passport, so keep an eye on your financial information until its located, or until you receive a new one. Once the investigation is completed, if authorized,  you can then apply for a replacement passport which may be valid for a limited time until you have to apply for a new passport.   Submit a completed application form,  photos,  fee,  proof of citizenship, and a Statutory Declaration Concerning a Lost, Stolen, Inaccessible or Destroyed Canadian Passport or Travel Document. Canadas Passport Rules Canada shrunk the size of its passports from 48 pages to 36 pages in 2013 (to the consternation of frequent travelers). However, it extended the expiration date, making passports valid for 10 years. Its also important to know that Canada is one of the few countries that dont allow citizens to hold a secondary passport (unless he or she can claim dual citizenship in Canada and another country). What If My Canadian Passport Is Damaged? This is another circumstance when youll need a new Canadian passport. If your passport has water damage, is torn on more than one page, looks like its been altered, or the identity of the passport holder is impaired or illegible, you may be denied by an airline or at a point of entry. Canadian rules dont allow you to get a replacement for a damaged passport; youll need to apply for a new one. What If I Find My Lost Passport? If you find your lost passport, report it immediately to the local police and the passport office since you cant hold more than one passport at a time. Contact the passport office for specific exceptions, as they vary on a case-by-case basis. Its worth noting that Canadians who have had multiple passports damaged or reported lost or stolen may face restrictions when applying for a new passport.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

Business Ethics - Essay Example As such, it becomes necessary to monitor their activities in order to ensure that profit is maximized through production. This essay is a critical evaluation of the human resource management from the perspective that it might be an unethical process. Managing people in a business is important since it ensures that processes and activities are harmonized in order to increase and maintain the standard of business performance based on the fact that businesses rely on their human resources to achieve the set goals and strategies by providing labor and the necessary expertise (Pareek, 2000). Human beings unlike machines have their weaknesses which at times make them commit careless mistakes especially when they are not being monitored. From observation, employees can be categorized into two groups which include those who are capable of conducting their duties without being monitored or managed and those who cannot perform unless there is a manager around to supervise them. In this case, human resource management becomes an important department in a business organization which is entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring that employees discharge their duties according to their job descriptions. Managers also have the responsibility of ensuring that business ethics are upheld in all areas of their administration. Upholding of ethics ensures that there is a cohesive environment for conducting business, which is meant to minimize conflicts between the management and the employees as well as customers who are a valuable asset to the business. Business ethics refers to the moral standards that should be maintained within the organization whether on the part of the management or the employees. Managers are supposed to lead as an example to their juniors especially when discharging their duties and responsibilities (DesJardins, 2008). The powers and trust vested in them by their bosses should be used accordingly to serve the interests of the

Pharmaceutical Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmaceutical Industry - Research Paper Example Insurance companies work by charging a premium for people to use their service, this premium is often paid in part by employers. To reduce their personal risk, insurance companies spread their services over a large group of people. As a consequence, the insurer receives premiums for taking on the risk for the people that it insures, and calculates the number of people in the group such that any losses are covered by the premiums paid by the rest of the group (Casto & Layman, 2006). Medicare works in a similar way, and is so effective as a business model, that private insurance firms base their models off that of Medicare (Bodenheimer et al., 2002). Medicare is a reimbursement system used in hospitals in the United States. It is large, with spending totaling over $11.7 billion in 1999 (Cotterill & Gage, 2002). Medicare is a form of insurance, using contributions from both employers and employees to make part of the premium for individual coverage. In addition, some individuals who do not have health insurance benefits through their jobs pay a direct Medicare premium which is then matched by the government (Casto & Layman, 2006).Payments from Medicare to hospitals are dependent on the number of patients that are being admitted to the hospital (Bodenheimer et al., 2002). Medicare works to provide reimbursement for costs such as per diem fees, but doesn’t take care of start up costs, some physician costs, and there are no bonuses in Medicare subsidies for superior care. From a health care perspective this means that any increase in care comes at the hospitals own cost, and is not reimbursed, and that the best financia l results come from decisions that result in lower health care (Bodenheimer et al., 2002). An important part of determining how to best treat patients is to look at the costs versus level of care. One example of this kind of decision is the instigation of a program that reduces hospital admissions in

Why Did Stalin Come to Power and Not Trotsky Essay Example for Free

Why Did Stalin Come to Power and Not Trotsky Essay Stalin’s race to become the all mighty ruler fully started after Lenin died of a stroke on the 21st of January 1924. With Lenin gone, Stalin started to eliminate the other members of the Communist Party: Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Rykov, Tomsky and Bukharin. He very cleverly switched between the left wing and the right wing, by making alliances with one wing the suddenly breaking with them, only to join the other wing, going against everything that they had just achieved. Stalin knocked out all other party members along the way even those who were considered to be his friend. His violent childhood, misguided early life and the death of his first wife caused him to lose all sense of emotion turning him into a vicious competitor in the Communist Party. Trotsky was one of Stalin’s major competitors for the title of all ruling leader, however even he could not stop this man of steel, a name that Stalin quite fittingly gave to himself as he joined the party. One of the main reasons as to why Stalin came to power and not Trotsky, was that Trotsky did not attend Lenin’s funeral. This was due to the fact that Trotsky himself was sick and so he took a rest holiday in Sukhumi in the south of Russia. Stalin told Trotsky the wrong date for the funeral, so he thought he would not be able to make it back in time. However really Trotsky could have made it to the funeral but Stalin used this against him. He made Trotsky look like he had committed a cardinal sin, disrespecting Lenin’s death. Stalin made it look as if Trotsky was sun bathing in Sukhumi and could not be bothered to come to the funeral. This accusation seriously damaged Trotsky’s political reputation and was ultimately the beginning of Trotsky’s down fall. With Trotsky not at the funeral, Stalin was able to proclaim himself Lenin’s disciple saying he would carry on ruling for the sake of their once great leader. One of the ways Stalin paid his â€Å" respects† to Lenin was one of his Political policies. â€Å"Pay your respects to our once great leader by voting for Stalin†. The people started to vote for Stalin in their masses, thinking that they were respecting Lenin but really they were giving Stalin a massive advantage over his political rivals. Because Trotsky missed Lenins funeral it caused all sorts of problems for Trotsky in the future. He was thought to be insecure. He came across as being unable to stand up for himself in a political fight, he preferred to sort things out in writing. Another apparent insecurity of Trotsky’s was that he was a Jew and was very conscious of this. Of course Stalin took advantage of this and joined forces with Zinoviev and Kamenev to stop Trotsky becoming a major competitor in the race to the Commissar of the USSR. With the combined force of Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev’s voters, Trotsky was easily out voted. As well as out voting Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev also questioned his loyalty to the Communist Party, raising his opposition to Lenin. This caused Trotsky to then retaliate by bringing up the lessons of October. The lesson of October happened in 1924, Lenin encouraged it but Zinoviev and Kamenev opposed it With three of them occupied arguing Stalin could advance further in the party without much trouble. With Trotsky’s insecurities, he became arrogant and high minded in order to protect himself, so as a result people did not like him. It was said that he was able to match Lenin in his intellect of the Marxist theories; however this made him appear to think himself superior. With the party thinking that he was arrogant, he was not like in the party at all, even though he was very good with the masses. In the end though the population started to see his arrogance and thought too highly of himself, this caused them to stop voting for him. Trotsky was also considered an outsider to the party, because he joined the party in 1917, this was because Trotsky joined the Communist party when he was young and he already wanted respect, which the older party members did not like . One of the only people in the party that did like Trotsky was Lenin who stated in his testament that not only was he distinguished by his outstanding abilities, but also that he was the most capable man in the cu rrent Central Committee. There is no doubt that Stalin was very lucky within the communist party with the timing of Lenin’s death. If Lenin had not suffered from a stroke, then he would have had the chance to exclude Stalin from the communist party. In Lenin’s eyes Stalin was considered very rude, aggressive in his methods and dangerous to the people. However Lenin could not expell Stalin orally, so he wrote in it is his testament instead. â€Å"Comrade Stalin having become the General Secretary has immeasurable power in his hands, and I am not sure he knows how to use that power with sufficient caution. Lenin’s testament was never read out to the public or the communist party because Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev decided it was better that Trotsky was not in power and to keep Stalin on Zinoviev’s and Kamenev’s side. Stalin was very clever with the methods in which he used to progress himself in the party however they were very risky. These risks included misinformation, dr astic internal shifts within the communist party and turning party members against each other. Some of the reasons as to why Stalin could take such risks was because he had the control over the communist party and he also had a large wealth of people following him. Due to his â€Å"pay your respects to the great leader† campaign and he understood how to manipulate people. The other party members wanted to join with him and trusted him because he had so many followers and he it appear as if he was one of the most loyal party members of the communist party. Once Trotsky had stopped fighting with Zinoviev and Kamenev, it only was then that they realized that Stalin had progressed a lot further in the political race to becoming the commissar of the Soviet Union. So in 1926 Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev decided to create a Troika of their own. This would allow then to politically attack Stalin. They believed they had more power than him because there were three of them, however this was not true. Stalin painted them as factionalists because it looked like they had created a separate party just to attack him, which was indeed true. However that is exactly what Stalin omitted to mention that he had done the same with Trotsky making a hypocrite. In 1927 Trotsky was exiled from the party, from there he lived in France, Norway and Mexico. Even though Trotsky was out of Russia he still opposed Stalin until eventually Trotsky was assassinated in 1940 in Mexico by one of Stalin’s secret police. With Trotsky gone by 1927 Stalin was almost certainly going to become the commissar of the Soviet Union, which he did in 1929. Some would say that not all of the methods Stalin used to become the Commissar were legal however they did get him to where he wanted to be. They were very aggressive methods and in some cases were considered vicious, but Stalin had the political and tactical mind that helped him to get the top. Besides the methods that Stalin used there is no doubt that luck played a large factor in his rise to becoming the leader of the Soviet Union. If it were not for the fact that Lenin had his stroke at particular time he did and Trotsky was on a rest leave then it would have been a lot harder, nearly impossible for him to become the leader. With Stalin in the chair of power for almost the next 25 years, Russia was about to become a completely different Country.

Disjointed Characters of Faulkners Light in August Essay -- Light Aug

Disjointed Characters of A Light in August  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the novel, A Light in August, William Faulkner introduces us to a wide range of characters of various backgrounds and personalities.   Common to all of them is the fact that each is type cast into a certain role in the novel and in society. Lena is the poor, white trash southern girl who serves to weave the story together. Hightower is the fanatic preacher who is the dark, shameful secret of Jefferson. Joanna Burden is the middle-aged maiden from the north who is often accused of being a â€Å"nigger-lover†. And Joe Christmas is the epitome of an outsider. None of them are conventional, everyday people. They are all in some way disjointed from society; they do not fit in with the crowd. That is what makes them intriguing and that is why Faulkner documents their story.   Percy Grimm is another such character and he plays a vital role in the novel. He is the one to finally terminate Joe Christmas, who has been suffering his entire life.   Grimm is the enforcer, the one man who will uphold American pride at all costs. He also stands for everything in the world that has held Christmas back. He is the prototype of the ruthless enemy who is the source of all of Christmas ¹ struggles. And Christmas can never escape him. He can run, as he has been doing all his life and as he does in his desperate attempt to escape. But he can never hide, as he tries to do at Hightower ¹s and as he has been hiding his true self from the world he hates so much. Percy Grimm represents the unmerciful society that has restrained and persecuted Joe Christmas; it is only fitting that he should be the one to finally bring him down in the end. Percy Grimm was born into the American south and grew up to be a ... ...anage after he has sabotaged his existence there. He kills McEachern and runs away from home. He gets beaten and robbed on his final night with Bobbie. And he finally snaps and kills Joanna Burden and runs away for the last time. As he runs through the woods during his final few moments on earth, he is relentlessly chased by Percy Grimm, his enemy and torturer. In one last desperate attempt to escape, he hides at Hightower ¹s and is subsequently discovered and executed without mercy. But by this time, he is at peace with himself, knowing that he will no longer be forced to run and hide from anything. The society that holds him with such disdain has finally won their eternal battle. But he just does not care anymore. Joe Christmas surrenders to Percy Grimm with apathetic contentment. Works Cited: Faulkner, William. Light in August. 1932. New York: Vintage, 1987.

Ethics and Strategic Plan

Week 2 Individual assignment Abstract Reviews the role of ethics and social responsibilities in developing a strategic plan while considering stakeholder needs and agendas. Reviews the four key responsibilities and priorities as stated by Carroll; economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities. Discusses the importance of integrating ethical and social responsibilities in a strategic plan. Uses Enron an example of a company overstepping ethical boundaries and discusses measures that could be taken to avoid future unethical behavior by a company. EthicsAccording to Lantos (2001) â€Å"It is no news that today’s business organizations are expected to exhibit ethical behavior and moral management. However, over the past half century the bar has been steadily raised. Now, not only are firms expected to be virtuous, they are being called to practice â€Å"social responsibility† or â€Å"corporate citizenship†(Carroll 2000, p. 187), accepting some accoun tability for societal welfare† (p. 1). Ethical and social responsibilities are a necessity in developing a strategic plan. There are four key responsibilities an organization needs to establish when developing a strategic plan.These four responsibilities integrated together will meet most needs and agendas of the stakeholders. Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Developing a Strategic Plan â€Å"Should strategic decision makers be responsible only to the shareholders, or do they have broader responsibilities? † (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010, p. 72). The strategic decision makers are the individuals creating the strategic plan, incorporating both ethical and social responsibilities into the company's plan can be a burden and compromises need to be taken into consideration to meet both ethical and social responsibilities while meeting stakeholders needs and agendas.Stakeholders are referred to as individuals who are â€Å"affected or are affected by the achievement of the firm's objectives† Wheelen, T. , ; Hunger, J. (2010). Archie B. Carroll, a business management author and professor states, â€Å"proposes that the managers of business organizations have four responsibilities listed in order of priority: Economic responsibility to produce goods or services of value to society so the firm can repay its creditors and shareholders. Legal responsibility as defined by government laws, the management is expected to obey. Ethical responsibility to follow generally held beliefs about behavior in a society.Discretionary responsibility are voluntary obligations a corporation assumes† (Wheelen ; Hunger, 2010, p. 73). With these four responsibilities, a company when establishing their strategic plan, they must incorporate these fundamental responsibilities in a means that would satisfy the stakeholders needs and agendas. The company must consider all risks, company performance, strategies to meet performance, and social responsibility policies while creating measurable indicators to demonstrate the progress of the company when developing the strategic plan.Once the strategic plan has been developed, communication of the plan to the stakeholders is an important part of the process. By communicating the strategic plan to the stakeholders, all affected individuals or groups will become aware of the path the company is headed. Example of Overstepping Ethical Boundaries As referenced earlier, a company has responsibilities to meet when establishing a strategic plan. Ethical responsibility is listed as the second priority a company needs to meet according to Carroll.When overstepping ethical boundaries, a company exposes stakeholders to risks that do not meet their needs. An example of an organization that has displayed this behavior and acting in the company's interest was Enron. Enron overstepped the ethical boundaries which in the end cost the stakeholders, which mainly was the employees, billions of dollars for their own p ersonal gain. Enron through various unethical decisions, mislead employees and investors by manipulating the accounting entries to make the company to be more profitable than the true represented dollars were.At the time of the Enron incident, there were inadequate government legal or regulatory process in place, if such processes were in place, the Enron incident could have been prevented. Preventative measure that have been established by the government have assisted in reducing the risk to the stakeholders in an organization. A financial auditing company approved by the government is now required to audit financial reports of a company. Pension plans are no longer administered by the company, a third party firm is required to administer a company's pension plan to prevent overstepping ethical boundaries. ConclusionWith past scandals in the business world, companies have been establishing roles of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan while considering st akeholder needs and agendas. Carroll has identified four key responsibilities a company needs to address when developing a strategic plan. Economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities, listed in order of priority, are represented to show how an organization can integrate social and ethical responsibilities in a strategic plan. The example provided of Enron has illustrated how a company has overstepped the ethical boundaries and causing risks to the stakeholders.Since the Enron incident, the government established processes to prevent unethical behavior as what happened with Enron to protect the stakeholders of the company. References Carroll, A. B. (2000), â€Å"The four faces of corporate citizenship,† in Business Ethics 00/01, Richardson, J. E. (Ed). , Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, Guilford, CT, pp. 187-191. Lantos, G. (2001, June). The Boundaries of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Wheelen, T. , ; Hunger, J. (2010). Concepts in strategic management and bus iness policy achieving sustainability (12th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection.

St. Maria Goretti

St. Maria Goretti: Small but Mighty For little kids, they have a sense of innocence to them. Not really knowing between right and wrong. Not realizing that there is bad in the world. Kids are kept sheltered until they eventually learn to discover the real world. There comes a time when they know that the world is not all good, because it has taken advantage of his or her innocence. Sometimes they don’t understand it, sometimes they try to understand it but just can’t, sometimes they just have to accept it with no answers. St. Maria Goretti’s life was cut short; she had been taken advantage of, yet begin so young, so refused to give into sin.According to The Book of Saints, published by The Regina Press, St. Maria Goretti was born in Corinaldo, Italy on October 16, 1890 to Luigi Goretti and Assunta Carlini. Her father was a farm l and her laborer and her family was very poor. Her father moved his wife and five kids to Ferriere de Conca in hopes of better work. The re he died of malaria, and Maria was only 9 years old. A mother with 6 kids, and struggling to survive, the family moved onto the Serenelli farm where they worked. On July 5, 1902, an 18 year old named Alessandro Serenelli attacked Maria trying to rape her.Telling him she’s rather die than give into his commands, angrily he stabbed her 14 times with a long dagger. Maria’s family found her and rushed her to the hospital. She lived for another 24 hours and died holding a crucifix, a medal of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and had forgiven her attacker and asked God to forgive him too. Instead of being filled with anger, she prayer for Alexandro to find peace and for her family to be provided for. She had died before even turning 12 (Hoagland & Angelini). Even though she had died very young she was a great influence after she died.Catholic Online states, Alexandro was sentenced to thirty years in prison. He was unrepentant and did not find peace; he could not find remorse for h imself or for Maria’s family. Up until he had a dream, in which Maria had appeared to him. He was in a garden, where Maria has came to him and gave him a bouquet of lilies. He woke up a changed man. He turned his life around and began repenting. Twenty seven years after Maria appeared to him he was released. He had gone directly to Maria's mother and begged for her forgiveness. This was not easy for her, but she eventually she forgave him, and said which she gave. If my daughter can forgive him, who am I to withhold forgiveness† (Catholic Online). According to American Catholic, In 1947, present at her beatification was her mother, two sisters and a brother who all stood with Pope Pius XII on the balcony of St. Peter’s Square. Three years later, at her canonization, in less than half a century after Maria’s death she was canonized by Pope Pius XII on July 25, 1950. Alexandro Serenelli was 66 years old and knelt among the quarter-million people and cried te ars of joy. For being so young, she moved the many people of Italy. (American Catholic). St.Maria Goretti is the ultimate example of moral fidelity and goodness. She’d rather die than give into Alexandro’s commands. Not to mention that she was only 11 years old, and made a strong and exemplary decision. She knew the actions were wrong, and came against what she believed in and she stood up for it. She knew she could have given into Alexandro’s demands in order for her to service, but she didn’t. She had such a strong faith in God and trusted him enough to give up her own life for the greater glory of God. Even though she ended up a martyr she is an example for all people, especially young teenage girls.She is an example of stand for one’s morals and forgiving those who have wronged against us. Being a teenage girl, St. Maria Goretti is definitely someone I would go to and ask for advice. Hopefully I will never be in a situation like St. Maria Goret ti, but girls like she and I face the very same problem every day. Since society and the media these days are suggesting teenage girls should look a certain way, or dress like this or that, wear certain clothes, and girls should act a certain way. If not, they don’t belong, they’re not considered beautiful the way they are, and they’re considered outcasts.Society and the media constantly shove the idea that sex can get you anywhere, such as by the way you look. Media constantly shows potential â€Å"role models† that girls and women should strive to be like. The saying, â€Å"sex sells† is very true in our time. Being a teenage girl I feel the pressure for all teenagers is that in order to get a guy to like them they have to lower their morals and standards but raise their shirts and completely change themselves. St. Maria Goretti would be an excellent advice giver on how to stand and stay strong for who you are and not giving in to he demands of s ex, or even just advice to not give into peer pressure so easily. I was so shocked to have found out that St. Maria Goretti had died at such a young age, yet she faced the scariest thing any girl could dream of. With such innocence she stayed so strong in her faith, and forgave so easily, at her death bed all she was concerned about was the well being of her family and her attacker, which I find very admirable. To me St. Maria Goretti’s life represents all the everyday actions in my life. Her sacrifice ties in with my decision making.Her sort life makes me want to life my life to the fullest, but to live it right. I know growing up in this society is hard and confusing; this world has good people and bad people. Like St. Maria Goretti I want to have the courage to choose good and stand up against evil, and not only that, but have my own strength to forgive those who have wronged me. I want to keep my morals and beliefs straight and life my life the way God has called me to li ve. St. Maria Goretti’s life will help my life and moral journey by remembering to stay strong and do what is right, no matter what the cost may be.St. Maria Goretti Biography says, â€Å"She led a very ordinary life. But in spite of herof her simplicity, her great faith and love for God made her truly extraordinary† (St. Maria Goretti) Kids have this special intuition. They know when something is wrong and when something is right. They know, and no words would have to be spoken. They themselves might not understand the whole situation themselves. But they know a difference between a good and bad feeling. St. Maria Goretti died at a very young age, in a horrible way.She was too young to understand why Alexandro wanted to harm her, but she knew it was the right thing to do not to give into his orders. She knew it was right to trust God. Works Cited Hoagland, Victor, and George Angelini. The book of saints: the lives of the saints according to the Liturgical calendar. Fa rmingdale, NY: Regina Press, 1986. Print. â€Å"St. Maria Goretti. † The American Catholic,Web. 17 Nov. 2011. â€Å"St. Maria Goretti†¦ Pray For Us!. † St. Maria Goretti†¦ Pray For Us!. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. â€Å"St. Maria Goretti – Saints & Angels – Catholic Online. † Catholic Online. Web. 20 Nov. 2011.

Free Essays on MLK

Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a very intelligent and ambitious man and an outstanding public speaker. Today, black citizens have the basic Constitutional rights that used to be exclusive to whites, thanks to King. Martin Luther King Jr.’s main goal that drove him in all his actions was to achieve racial equality between whites and blacks. Although equality was his goal, Martin Luther King, Jr. would not say that he was â€Å"successful†. He would call all the positive actions that occurred during his life, that were spearheaded by him, as â€Å"progress†. â€Å"Success†, to King, was nothing short of total race equality. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, to the Reverend and Mrs. Martin Luther King Sr. King Jr. had a strong religious background from the very start. He was the grandson of the Reverend A. D. Williams, pastor of Ebenezer Baptist church, and a founder of Atlanta’s NAACP chapter. Sr. succeeded Williams as the pastor of Ebenezer Baptist church and, later, was active as a civil rights leader as well. Even though Martin Jr. questioned literal interpretation of scripture and resented religious emotionalism, King still admired black social gospel leaders, like his father and grandfather, who could use the church as an instrument for improving the lives of blacks in America (Carson 1). At Eighteen, King was licensed to preach and began assisting his father at Ebenezer Baptist Church. A year later, King was ordained as a Baptist minister, and graduated from Morehouse College in Atlanta. After attending Morehouse, King went to Crozer Theologica l Seminary, on a scholarship, to study divinity. While studying at Crozer, King was intrigued by the life and works of Mahatma Gandhi, and began to learn more about the Indian philosopher’s teachings, especially non-violent protests (Stephanie 1). After graduating from Crozer as class valedictorian, with a Bachelor... Free Essays on MLK Free Essays on MLK â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† Summary In Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, he explained his actions to his fellow clergymen. They accused him and his followers of engaging in â€Å"unwise and untimely† activities. He defended that they did not irresponsibly move into direct action, their activity in Birmingham was not extreme, and the laxity of the Church. Ordinarily, King barely glanced at the comments of his critics but he felt compelled to respond to the clergy. He felt that they were men of genuine good will and wholesome heart. In his essay, he listed many points of reason for his actions and imprisonment. One of the explanations was why he was in Birmingham jail in the first place. He said he was there because of its injustice and he came to answer the call for aid. It was important to him to help his fellow man in Birmingham because he strongly felt that â€Å"injustice anywhere was a threat to justice everywhere†. Whatever affected a person directly affected e veryone indirectly in the future. King’s first main point was that he and his followers did not move irresponsibly into direct action. His nonviolent direct action was taken in order to make society notice that there was an injustice present in that society and to force them to face the issue at hand. He wanted to dramatize the issue in order for it to be no longer ignored. His second major point was that their activity in Birmingham was not extreme. Their normal and healthy discontent was able to be channeled through the creative outlet of nonviolent direct action. He claimed that John Bunyan, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln alike were all crucified for being â€Å"extremists†. If they were extreme, it was because of the cause of justice to all around the world. His last main point was that of his disappointment towards the white Church and its leadership. He thought that they were going to e among the strongest of their... Free Essays on MLK Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a very intelligent and ambitious man and an outstanding public speaker. Today, black citizens have the basic Constitutional rights that used to be exclusive to whites, thanks to King. Martin Luther King Jr.’s main goal that drove him in all his actions was to achieve racial equality between whites and blacks. Although equality was his goal, Martin Luther King, Jr. would not say that he was â€Å"successful†. He would call all the positive actions that occurred during his life, that were spearheaded by him, as â€Å"progress†. â€Å"Success†, to King, was nothing short of total race equality. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, to the Reverend and Mrs. Martin Luther King Sr. King Jr. had a strong religious background from the very start. He was the grandson of the Reverend A. D. Williams, pastor of Ebenezer Baptist church, and a founder of Atlanta’s NAACP chapter. Sr. succeeded Williams as the pastor of Ebenezer Baptist church and, later, was active as a civil rights leader as well. Even though Martin Jr. questioned literal interpretation of scripture and resented religious emotionalism, King still admired black social gospel leaders, like his father and grandfather, who could use the church as an instrument for improving the lives of blacks in America (Carson 1). At Eighteen, King was licensed to preach and began assisting his father at Ebenezer Baptist Church. A year later, King was ordained as a Baptist minister, and graduated from Morehouse College in Atlanta. After attending Morehouse, King went to Crozer Theologica l Seminary, on a scholarship, to study divinity. While studying at Crozer, King was intrigued by the life and works of Mahatma Gandhi, and began to learn more about the Indian philosopher’s teachings, especially non-violent protests (Stephanie 1). After graduating from Crozer as class valedictorian, with a Bachelor...

Infographic Best Practices How to Make Yours More Successful

Infographic Best Practices How to Make Yours More Successful All too often, an agency or team will spend weeks coming up with a solid concept, crafting compelling copy, and drawing up stunning designs for their infographic†¦ only for it to fall flat when it’s finally ready to be shown to the world. Why? Did they misjudge their audience’s interest in the topic? Did they miss a step in the process of bringing an infographic to life? Did they bully Zuckerberg as a child, leading to Facebook’s algorithm being specifically devoted to pushing their content to the bottom? If you’ve got a story worth telling, then it’s worth being shown to the world. At Lemonly, we believe one of the best ways to tick both boxes is with a brilliant blend of copy and design that makes the abstract actionable, the boring brilliant, and the complex concise: an infographic. Your content’s performance involves a number of variables, of course, but the fact of the matter is this: a finished piece of content is only the first step in the ever-evolving process of content marketing. If nobody sees your stuff, does it really matter how insightful or aesthetically pleasing it is? And besides, everybody’s busy. Creating content that goes nowhere isn’t in the best interest of anyone’s time. Any good content marketing team should go into every project with a plan for posting and promoting their pieces online - here’s our three-step suggestion. How to Make Your Infographics More Successful With the Right Best Practices by @lemonly viaBonus Checklist: How to Make Infographic in 7 Steps This post is packed with advice on creating infographics the right way. But, how do you actually follow a process to create a single infographic? Follow this guide created by s own design extraordinaire, Ashton Hauff.Follow this infographic design checklist to make sure every one you create gets done right.Step 1: Nail Your Infographic Copy + Design The first step might seem a little obvious, but it’s an important one across the content board. If you’re going to get in the game, jump in head-first. With as many channels as are competing for consumers’ attention, the highest quality work will always rise to the top. Putting out consistent, quality content establishes a good reputation that will keep people coming back for more. Call us biased, but we’ve found infographics to be hugely successful when it comes to explaining a process, spreading the word about a new discovery, suggesting a solution, or simply telling a story. Infographics combine data visualization with attractive illustrations to form a quick, easy-to-read piece of content that can do some serious heavy lifting. Though they can be animated, static, or interactive, and can fit into nearly any form factor, the best infographics cover the same key bases. Even if you’re not an Adobe master, keeping these in mind will lead to a strong infographic that’s well on its way to garnering big engagement for your brand. Recommended Reading: How to Make an Infographic in 7 Easy Steps Start With a Thesis Great infographics immediately answer â€Å"What’s the point?† After all, you’re not just expressing your artistic side. Decide what you want your audience to take away once they close your window, and stick to it. Trying to do too much can water down your main point. Add Clear, Concise Copy Much like the piece as a whole, having a plan makes writing compelling copy much more simple. Start with an outline that lays out your thesis and supports it with a few key points, then research your topic and add statistics to and other evidence that backs up your claims. Outlines help you keep your information structured and cut down on that intimidating feeling of staring down a blank Word document. It’s a good idea to stick to the â€Å"need-to-knows† - too much fluff and you’ll lose your audience.

Innovation - PAYPAL make the life more easier Essay

Innovation - PAYPAL make the life more easier - Essay Example In 2002, PayPal was acquired by EBay Inc. and made the official payment channel of the worldwide sites of EBay electronic commerce business wing. PayPal is chosen as the innovation topic for the essay because the establishment of PayPal was followed by huge success and popularity of the same in the international financial services and online payments domain. The essay would include a discussion of why PayPal can be considered to be a radical innovation in the electronic commerce and financial services domain. A review of the different literary works presented on the topic of innovation is done to link the theories of innovation to the practical example of PayPal as a breakthrough innovation. A section of the essay would include a discussion of the conditions and background which led to the establishment and success of PayPal in the global business platform. The essay would be suitably concluded with a summary of the findings from the report and with a small discussion regarding the future strategies that are likely to be used by PayPal for continued success and sustainability. PayPal was initially set up as a technology push innovation and later ensured continued success through sustainable innovative practices. This technological innovation was a result of the combination of technological advances and improvement in the use of materials and processes within different businesses. The innovation was fuelled and supported by the boom of electronic commerce activities across the globe. The cross border electronic commerce transactions conducted by millions of people across the globe created the need for a unique, safe, secure and globally usable online payment transfer domain. The innovators of PayPal tapped in this market need and used the advances in technology like access to internet, development of financial services domains and electronic commerce businesses to create the online

Visual and Formal Analysis of A Pair of Ear Flares Essay

Visual and Formal Analysis of A Pair of Ear Flares - Essay Example What ideas does it raise? The image also raises the idea of movement which refers to how a viewer’s eye is guided through an artwork based on areas of emphasis (Jewitt and Leeuwen, 40). Contrasting colors or shapes, as well as the use of lines, directs movement in a piece of art. In our work of art (a Pair of Ear flare), our eye navigates through the pattern starting from the frontal which is a level round metal base that has relief figures on the exterior. Our eye then moves to different colors and textures of the Ear flare. What emotions it provokes and the size of space needed for display The image emphasizes on mythologies and ritual performances (Jewitt and Leeuwen, 40). It provokes cruelty in the sense of the use of birds for ritual sacrifices. Messengers were also subjected to hard labor. The Pair of Ear flares does not need to be displayed in a wide open space since it is large to notice from far. It is large in size for an Ear ornament, but it does not necessarily mea n that it requires being displayed in a large space. The lighting required, and position to be viewed from The color at the background is dull, and it thus makes the Ear flare stand out as it has an outer gold color that captures the viewer’s attention (Jewitt and Leeuwen, 50). It does not require bright, high contrast lighting since it already has a combination of bright colors. The pair of Ear flares welcomes you to view it up-close because they are not large enough to enable a viewer to be able to concentrate on details. Where is the artifact meant for display? The artifact was meant to be on display in a museum. The artist has used hammered gold, shell, sodality, and turquoise as the main elements in the design of the Pair of Ear flares. The main reason for using these media is to make the art piece standout especially from the use of gold and turquoise. Advantages Gold brings out a sense of high value because it is a symbol of prestige and wealth. It is also bold hence m aking the Ear flare standout. Hammered gold is strong and does not weather out or break. Turquoise was associated with bringing a good fortune and happiness to the wearer of the ornament. Shells help enhance the beauty of the artifact. Limitations The use of gold makes the Pair of Ear flare expensive to purchase especially for those individuals that are not wealthy. The use of gold makes it a target for theft. Shells make it prone to damage since they are brittle. Turquoise is damaged by household chemicals and also hot water, which makes the task of taking care of the element difficult. Lines Lines have been used to define edges on the pair of Ear flare, where some of those lines are linear while others are curvilinear in character which has resulted in plane spaces and negative spaces. A plane surface in a triangular shape is formed by the connection of the points. Lines have been used to describe dissimilar forms, levels in the spaces and movement region in the general design (Je witt and Leeuwen, 100). There is the use of both thick and thin lines in the image of ear flares. They are largely vertical in nature. There is a combination of both straight and curved lines the image of a pair of era flares. This gives the Image a solid look. The aspect of color The color used is particularly attractive and rich. The colors used on the pair of ear flares are lively; the use a combination of green, white, red, gold and purple colors makes the ear flares look outstanding.  

Role of Technology in Citizens' Social and Economic Development Coursework

Role of Technology in Citizens' Social and Economic Development - Coursework Example Many voluntary organizations have initiated numerous technological projects in rural areas to help improve the living standards of those in rural areas. The result is an increased penetration of technology in these areas. Technology has made tremendous impacts among the rural population, making work easier and improving living standards in many fronts, and despite the deterioration of societal values associated with it, it should be promoted.The penetration of technology in rural areas has come as good news to many rural dwellers. The positive aspects of this penetration are evident. The most conspicuous aspect is the increase in production. Clearly, economies, which have embraced technology, have registered improved productivity. For instance, in the agricultural sector, the use of modern farming techniques and tools has significantly improved the level of output. As opposed to traditional farming practices such as the use of simple tools like hoes, use of tractors, fertilizers, and irrigation have had a tremendous impact on food production, almost assuring food security despite the high population in the society. In offices, automation has played a pivotal role in increased yields (Raj, 2005). Previous manual operations, which consumed a lot of time, have been automated. The emergence of ATMs in the banking sector has allowed clients to transact easily and within less time.Additionally, technology has incorporated rural areas in the global village. Through globalization, the world has become â€Å"one big village† where information is passed and shared almost instantly. Technological inventions continue to reduce the distance between people. The use of emails, social sites such as Facebook and Twitter, phones, tablets, and fax has allowed people to keep in touch as if they are in the same geographical location. News spread faster because of technology. Ideally, it is honest to say that one can make a trip to the entire globe from a remote village withi n seconds courtesy of technology.

Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power MPPT

Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power MPPT Design and Optimization of a Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power Maximum Power Point Tracker A. KocabaÃ…Å ¸ and H.Ä °. OkumuÃ…Å ¸ Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon/Turkey Abstract- As the issue of efficiency is one of the most important fundamentals of solar power generation, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) systems have an important duty in solar power management systems in solar power generation. This paper includes study of the design and improvement of fuzzy logic based solar power MPPT, and the methodology to achieve the best system performance. MPPT system was evaluated at the DC-DC power converters ability of impedance conversion point of view and cooperation of fuzzy logic theory. The parameters of fuzzy inference system are optimized to obtain the fastest and accurate system responses. The performance of the proposed fuzzy logic based MPPT under various operating conditions compared and improvement of this performance is dealt with. The fuzzy logic MPPT function realized using a buck-boost power converter. Computer simulations practiced and simulation results also represented. Keywords- Maximum Power Point Tracking, Fuzzy Logic Control, Solar Power Generation. Solar power is one of the most harmless and cleanest, plentiful supply of energy in the world. It is unfailing and like to be our fundamental supply of power in future [1]-[2]. Solar power has already used widely for industrial, commercial, residential and military applications. Performance of solar power generation by photovoltaic (PV) cells depends on the environmental conditions such as insolation, sunlight tilt, load variations, airmass and cell temperature [10]. Power converter units should be associated with the PV cells and the load to control the power flow from the PV cells to the load. PV systems use MPPT systems to maximize power output, by the ability of continually arranging the duty ratio increment command of the switching device in the power converter unit. Algorithms used in MPPT systems maximize power extractions of PV cells by controlling the duty ratio of the power converter with the changing PV cell output variable combinations like changes in power versus changes in voltage etc. MPPT algorithms such as perturb and observe, incremental conductance have been evaluated until now. [3]. Unchanging step size for the control signal, increment of the duty ratio command, used in these methods. Too small steps sizes cause slow tracking process and too large step sizes cause oscillations around the maximum power point (MPP). To perform automatically adjusting step sizes, variable step sizing algorithms such as fuzzy logic has been developed [4]-[7]. Specification of fuzzy logic controllers is made according to their skill of simulating human thinking. Different than conventional controllers, fuzzy controllers have the ability to experimental methods and their results to design variable step sizes of control signals without the need of understanding the systems mathematical model [9]. Effectiveness of the MPPT algorithm is directly related with the input and the output variables that are selected for the system. In general for output variable, duty ratio of the power switch selected. As input variables; power (P) versus voltage (V) slope and changes of the slope, P-V slope and variation of power, variation of power and variation of voltage, sum of conductance and increment of conductance would be selected [8]. In this paper as inputs of the controller variation of power and variation of voltage, as an out put duty ratio of the power switch selected. Sunpower SPR-305E-WHT-D (One series module and one parallel strings) PV panel used for simulations in this paper. The characteristics of the PV panel at 25  °C and at various irradiation levels are shown in Figure 1. The characteristics of the PV panel at 1000 W/m2 and at various temperature levels are shown in Figure 2. To make the analysis simple, we have worked on resistive load. Figure 3 illustrates the circuitry of PV panel and resistive load, and current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics with an irradiation 1000 W/m2 and temperature of 25  °C. The intersection of the I-V characteristic curve (blue) of the PV panel and load I-V curve (red) is the operating point of the system. From this figure it can be observed that the operating point changes with the change of the load value. The maximum power point (MPP) can be achieved through proper selection of the load. Maximum power may be extracted from the PV array by incorporating an intelligent mechanism altering the load resistan ce of the PV array. Power converters are usually used to achieve this purpose. Figure 1. The characteristics of the PV panel at 25  °C and at various irradiation levels. Figure 2. The characteristics of the PV panel at 1000 W/m2 and at various temperature levels. Figure 3. PV system with resistive load Figure 4 shows the block diagram of the investigated MPPT system. The system includes a PV panel, a buck-boost power converter and a fuzzy logic based MPPT controller. The function of controlling power flow from source to the load is carried out by the zeta type buck-boost converter as shown in Figure 5. The values of converter circuit elements are Lin = 11  µH, L1 = 378  µH, CIN = C1 = 1000  µF and CPV = 680  µF. The pulse width modulation (PWM) switching frequency was set to 200 kHz. Internal resistances were ignored to obtain (1) on the converters input and output voltage equation in steady state: (1) If we assume that converter operates lossless with a resistive load RL, the value of the power obtained from this PV system would be: (2) It is demonstrated additionally, in Figure 5, that P-V curves at miscellaneous irradiation levels according (2) and miscellaneous duty ratio commands with the ohmic load 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. The intersections show the operating points of PV system. In this study fuzzy theory is used to design the MPPT controller. Required fuzzy input variables are generated by fuzzy MPPT controllers by reading voltage and current signals obtained from the PV panel. The fuzzy input variables would then can be used to calculate the increment of the duty ratio command for adjusting operating point of the PV panel in order to maximize the power extraction. In Figure 6 the flowchart of the calculation process illustrated. Designs of fuzzy controllers are varies according to the input variables selected. As mentioned before in this paper as input variables, variation of power and variation of voltage of the PV array selected. Figure 4. Solar MPPT system. Figure 5. Power converter and PV power characteristics. Figure 6. Flowchart of calculation process. A. Fuzzy MPPT Tracking Algorithm In this study fuzzy logic MPPT system used variations of PV cell power output (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV) and variations of voltage (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV) as the fuzzy input variables. By using MATLAB Simulink proposed solar power maximum power point tracking system implemented and universe of discourse (UOC) of input and output membership functions determined. After determination of UOD membership functions, they are grouped with the names negative big, negative small, zero, positive small, positive big (NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB). Fuzzy rules database is shown in Figure 7. Iterations made by moving on the P-V slopes specified regions as shown in the figure 7. Figure 7. Fuzzy rules for algorithm using à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV and à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV as the inputs. First of all symmetric membership functions used in the simulations as shown in Figure 9 and then asymmetrical membership functions used as shown in Figure 10. The performance difference compared then. For fuzzification; Mamdani method and for defuzzification; centre of gravity method used in this study. Fuzzy interface system evaluated by using MATLAB Simulink fuzzy logic toolbox. Figure 8. Fuzzy controller s surface of rule base. Figure 9. (a) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV (b) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV (c) Membership function for increment of duty ratio command. Figure 10. Asymmetrical input membership functions (a) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV (b) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV (c) Membership function for increment of duty ratio command. Purposed MPPT system is simulated by using different types of membership functions for comparison and validation. MATLAB/Simulink model block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. MATLAB/Simulink model block diagram of the system By using membership functions shown in Figure 9 the simulation results obtained as shown in Figure 12 and by using membership functions shown in Figure 10 the simulation results obtained as shown in Figure 13. Figure 12. Simulation results (symmetrical membership functions used) Figure 13. Simulation results (asymmetrical membership functions used) As shown in figures above when symmetrical membership functions used the fuzzy controlling system was unable to respond quickly to the rapid changes of irradiation so that fitting time of output power curve was longer and this is a disadvantage of the controlling system that is undesired. Beside at low irradiance levels MPPT controller couldnt produce accurate control signals and PV panels operating point was different than the maximum power point. The performance difference of the designed system when two types of membership functions used respectively can be seen more clearly from Figure 14. Figure 14. Output power of PV panel. Here we can see the disadvantages of using symmetrical membership functions. To overcome this problem and improve the system response speed to the changes of irradiation then asymmetrical membership functions has developed. Another benefit of developed system is that, at low irradiation levels precision of MPPT is more higher. In this paper a fuzzy logic based solar maximum power point tracking system was designed and different types of membership functions were used to optimize system power generation performance. To achieve the goal of higher precision and fastest system responses to the changes of irradiation levels different types of membership functions of inputs of fuzzy inference system were researched and compared with each other. It was revealed that using asymmetrical membership functions in the fuzzy logic controller had improved system performance at all operating conditions. From the results of simulations it can be inferred that the system performance is directly related with the optimization of the membership functions of fuzzy inference system. This study also leads to the study of the designing methodology of optimization of asymmetrical membership functions for better system performance. References [1] International Energy Agency. Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy, IEA Publications: Paris, France, 2014. [2] K. Tomabechi, Energy Resources in the Future. Energies 2010, pp. 686-695 [3]N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitellio, Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2005, pp. 963-973. [4]T. Yong, B. Xia, Z. Xu, W. Sun, Modified Asymmetrical Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic Systems. J. Power Electron. 2014, pp. 156-164. [5]C.S. Chin, P. Neelakantan, H.P. Yoong, K.T.K. Teo, Optimisation of Fuzzy Based Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV System for Rapidly Changing Solar Irradiance. Trans. Sol. Energy Plan. 2011, pp. 130-137 [6]T. Radjai, P.J. Gaubert, L. Rahmani, The new FLC-Variable Incremental Conductance MPPT Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (IEIE), Istanbul, 2014, pp. 2508-2513. [7]R. Rahmani, M. Seyedmahmoudian, S. Mekhilef, R. Yusof, Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic System. 2013, pp.209-218. [8]J-K. Shiau, Y-C. Wei, B-C. C, A Study on the Fuzzy Logic Based Solar Power MPPT Algorithms Using Different Fuzzy Input Variables. ISSN 1999-4893, 2015. [9]T.J. Ross, Fuzzy Logic With Engineering Applications, vol 2, pp. 1-652. [10]R. Hernanz, C. Martin, Z. Belver, L. Leseka, Z. Guerrero, P. Perez, Modelling of Photovoltaic Module., International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, 2010.